+ BIO 00700 -- FOUNDATIONS of HUMAN ANATOMY and PHYSIOLOGY (3 crs. 3 hrs.)
Fundamental principles covered are those underlying the study of anatomy and physiology: molecular organization of cells and their environment; cell structure and cell physiology; enzymes and metabolic pathways, and a survey of histology and the integumentary system. Laboratory sessions include the use of the microscope membrane transport phenomena and microscopic studies of human tissues.
Prerequisite: Passing scores on the CUNY Reading, Writing and Mathematics FSA tests or the equivalent.
NOTE: Students interested in the three semester Human Anatomy and Physiology sequence start with BIO 7 followed by BIO 11, then BIO 12. Students who have prior course work in Biological Sciences, and want to be exempt from BIO 7, may take the BIO 7 Exemption Exam. Information is available in the Department Office (S-244). Passing score permits entry directly into BIO 11.

~ + BIO 01000 -- PREPARATORY BIOLOGY* (0 crs. 4 hrs. -- 4 equated crs.)
Biology Majors or Allied Health Science students with little or no previous biology course instruction who require background preparation for advanced biology courses may elect to take this course. Introduction to fundamental concepts in biology and related physical and chemical processes through demonstrations, "hands-on" experiences, readings, discussions and presentations. Basic skills and procedures related to biological laboratory practices. Students are encouraged to obtain assistance in the college's reading skills programs.
*Enrollment limited to recommended students based on science background and placement examination scores. Does not fulfill science requirements for any degree. Students who do not pass CUNY ACT in English and Math must successfully complete BIO 10, and pass the CUNY Reading, Writing and Mathematics tests before enrolling in BIO 7.

+ BIO 01100,01200 -- HUMAN ANATOMY and PHYSIOLOGY I and II (4 crs. 7 hrs. each semester)
A one-year, two-semester course in human anatomy and physiology. Examines complementary relationships between structure and function; dynamic aspects, integration of organs and organ systems in the maintenance of normal functioning of the whole organism. Dissections and other laboratory experiences including computer-assisted study of physiological principles. This course does not satisfy the Biology major elective requirement.
Prerequisite for BIO 11: Passing scores on the CUNY/ACT in Reading and Writing and the COMPASS Math Skills Test, or BIO 01300.
Prerequisite for BIO 12: BIO 11.

+ BIO 01300,01400-- GENERAL BIOLOGY I and II (4 crs. 6 hrs. each semester)
A one-year, two-semester course for students who plan to major in biological sciences, or prepare for a pre-professional program. Classroom and laboratory sessions focus on biological topics as they apply to all life, to recent scientific findings and how they advance understanding classical concepts, the interaction of environmental and biological forces to produce life.
Prerequisites: Passing scores on the CUNY Reading, Writing and Mathematics FSA tests or the equivalent.
Prerequisite for BIO 14 is BIO 13

BIO 02100 -- COMPARATIVE ANATOMY (4 crs. 6 hrs.)
Form, structure, classification and adaptive modifications of vertebrates, animals with backbones. Through dissections, representative vertebrates, [dogfish and cat], are studied; vertebrates' major body systems and development of various representative structures are compared; relationships between form and function, and the use of certain structure in specific environments. This course satisifes the elective creit requirement for Bio majors.
Prerequisite: BIO 14

BIO 02200 -- DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY (4 crs. 6 hrs.)
Embryonic development and its regulatory mechanisms will be studied in representative invertebrate and vertebrate species, including the processes of gametogenesis and fertilization. Current experimental molecular and cellular techniques and results are interwoven with the historical evidence of the subject. Microscopic studies, films, drawings, models and student experiments are used to show the major stages of development and the dynamic processes of embryogenesis.This course satisifes the elective creit requirement for Bio majors
Prerequisite: BIO 14
Pre or Corequisite: CHM 11

+ BIO 02500 -- INTRODUCTION to MARINE BIOLOGY (3 crs. 3 hrs.)
The general nature of marine life including an overview of marine animals, plants, local and worldwide marine environmental issues. Basic biological principles underlying marine science, and issues of the intertidal and benthic communities, coral reefs, and oceanic pollution are discussed. Not open to Biology majors.
Prerequisite: Reading at the ENG 12 level, or Department permission

#+ BIO 02800-- BIOLOGY of WOMEN (3 crs. 3 hrs.)
Major normal anatomical and physiological processes unique to the human female are considered, as well as a focus on recent research about women's biology, female health issues and related illnesses. Discussion of myths and gender stereotypes about women's biology and their influence on female/male behaviors. This course does not satisfy the Biology major elective requirement.

#+ BIO 03200 -- HISTORY and PHILOSOPHY of BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE (3 crs. 3 hrs.)
Study of the origin and scientific developments of mankind from the emergence of the human species to modern times. Major scientific and technological developments are studied within the context of human culture and philosophical ideas. Presented from a biological point of view, the course draws on other disciplines as they have major impact on how humans view themselves and their effect on scientific efforts. Selected scientific writings will be examined. This course does not satisfy the Biology major elective requirement.

+ BIO 03300 -- INTRODUCTION to MODERN CONCEPTS of BIOLOGY I (4 crs. 5 hrs.)
For non-science and liberal arts majors and those who plan to transfer to senior colleges. Focus is on major biological topics and principles, with emphasis on how biology influences human issues and problems. Lectures, discussions and hands-on laboratory experiences provide insight into past, present and future aspects of the diversity of life on earth. Topics considered include: genetics, ecology, evolution, and cell biology. This course does not satisfy the Biology major elective requirement.

+ BIO 03700 -- HUMAN GENETICS # (3 crs. 3 hrs.)
Introduces the principles of genetics with applications to human beings. The different systems by which characteristics are inherited, representative human hereditary problems, roles of heredity and environment; an historical approach to genetics research, chromosonial disturbances and some diseases; modern components of genetics in relation to human fertilization, surrogacy and genetic engineering This course does not satisfy the Biology major elective requirement.

#+ BIO 03900 -- THE BIOLOGY of AGING (3 crs. 3 hrs.)
Biological aspects of the aging process, including: definitions, characteristics and biological theories of aging, recent biological research, effects of disease and prescription drugs; determination of each student's aging profile, factors which modify the rate of the aging process including nutrition and exercise. This course does not satisfy the Biology major elective requirement.

+ BIO 04900 -- PEOPLE and the ENVIRONMENT- BIOLOGICAL EMPHASIS (3 crs. 3 hrs.)
To promote understanding of humankind's interdependence with the environment and to instill responsibility for environmental quality, the biological sciences are emphasized, including pollution control, ecological balance in nature, growth and control of human populations and identifying environmental issues. This course does not satisfy the Biology major elective requirement.

BIO 05000 -- GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY (4 crs. 6 hrs.)
Lecture and laboratory study of the methods of pure culture techniques; growth of microorganisms; morphological and physiological characteristics of microorganisms; microbial biochemistry; microbial genetics. Special attention given to water, food and dairy microbiology.
Prerequisites: BIO 14, CHM 11
Recommended: CHM 12

B10 05100 -- MICROBIOLOGY in HEALTH and DISEASE (4 crs. 6 hrs.)
Lecture and laboratory study of the principles and practices of microbiology; pure culture techniques; microorganisms and their environments; physical and chemical factors affecting growth, immunology, epidemiology; relationship between humans and the microbiological world. Suggested primarily for students in the allied health sciences. This course does not satisfy the Biology major elective requirement.
Prerequisite: BIO 12
FOR NURSING STUDENTS ONLY: BIO 51 must be taken BEFORE or WITH NUR 21. Students who withdraw from BIO 51, cannot continue in NUR 21.

BIO 05200 -- MARINE BIOLOGY (4 crs. 6 hrs.)
Lecture and laboratory study of interrelationships between various environmental factors (physical, chemical and biological) and the distribution and physiology of selected marine organisms. Special attention to ecological techniques and taxonomic methods. Field trips supplement laboratory work.
This course does satisfy the Biology major elective requirement
Prerequisites: BIO 14, CHM 11 or Department permission

BIO 05300 -- ECOLOGY (4 crs. 6 hrs.)
Concepts and principles relating to structure and function of populations, communities and ecosystems; energy flow, biogeochemical cycling, community structure, population growth and population interactions, disturbed and undisturbed ecosystems. Designed for science majors, course includes lectures, films, field trips, discussion, research project and report. This course does satisfy the Biology major elective requirement
Prerequisites: BIO 14

BIO 05400 -- BOTANY (4 crs. 6 hrs.)
The basic concepts of green plant biology, their structure, growth and physiology. Laboratory experiences emphasize the growth and study of live specimens. Greenhouse field projects and other special course related projects are included.This course does satisfy the Biology major elective requirement
Prerequisite: BIO 14
Pre or Corequisite: CHM 11

BIO 05500 -- BIOLOGY of the INVERTEBRATES (4 crs. 6 hrs.)
An introductory survey course. Lectures and laboratories for students who intend to continue in the biological sciences or choose it as their sophomore-level science elective. Invertebrate phyla are studied with particular reference to their physiology and interrelationships. Representative forms will be examined and dissected and experiments performed on particular organisms. Fundamental biological concepts will be stressed. This course does satisfy the Biology major elective requirement
Prerequisite: BIO 01400
Pre or Corequisite: CHM 01100

BIO 05700 – BIOTECHNOLOGY: CELL CULTURE AND CLONING (4 crs. 6 hrs.(2hrs lecture, 1hr recitation, 3 hrs laboratory) )
Biological principles underlying animal and plant tissue culture and cloning techniques are taught using current cell culture research publications. The formation and maintenance of primary and continuous culture, monolayer and suspension cultures, cell separation techniques, and cell cloning studies are conducted. Cell morphology in vitro, callus formation, cytochemistry, immunocytochemistry, autoradiography, chromosome spread preparation and karyotyping western blotting and enzyme-linked immunoabsorbance assays are performed and analyzed. Photomicroscopy and independent research projects on the initiation and maintenance of primary cell cultures from such sources as chick embryos are also performed.
Prerequisites: BIO 01400, CHM 01100 or Department Permission

BIO 05800 – RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY (4 crs. 6 hrs. (2hrs lecture, 1hr recitation, 3 hrs laboratory) )
The theory and application of recombinant DNA techniques includes study of genomics and proteomics, molecular aspects of recombinant DAN technology and genetic engineering, microbial, animal and plant protein expression. Ethical, legal and social concerns surrounding the field of biotechnology are addressed. Basic biotechnological laboratory techniques required for the study of genomics, genetic engineering and recombinant DNA technology are conducted.
Prerequisites: BIO 01400, CHM 01100 or Department Permission

BIO 05900 -- GENETICS (4 crs. 6 hrs.)
For Biology majors, this course examines transmission of the genetic material, molecular genetics and the genetics of population. Topics considered in both lecture and laboratory include: quantitative analyses of eukaryotic linkage; extranuclear inheritance; mutation studies; cytogenetical chromosomes studies; gene amplification; DNA extraction; DNA "fingerprinting"; protein gel electrophoresis; and transformation of prokaryotic genetic material by viral vectors. Techniques developed and utilized in the Human Genome Project and genetic engineering are emphasized. Research papers and in-class presentations are required. This course does satisfy the Biology major elective requirement
Prerequisites: BIO 14 ,CHM 11

BIO 06100, Research Methods 2 crs. 2 hrs.
Corequisite: BIO 06200
Introduction to the nature of scientific investigation and acquiring skills needed to develop a research problem. Emphasis placed on reading primary sources of scientific literature, experiment design, data presentation and analysis, and preparation of a literature review.
Prerequisite: Department Permission and passing scores on CUNY Math Assessment Test & ACT In Reading & Writing

BIO 06200, Biological Instrumentation 2crs. 3 hrs.
Theory and practical operation of basic laboratory instruments and techniques, including analytical balances, pH meters, UV/VIS spectrophotometers, atomic absorption spectroscopy, chromatography, gel electrophoresis, computer-based instrumentation and other techniques.
Prerequisite: Department Permission and passing scores on CUNY Math Assessment Test & ACT in Reading & Writing
Corequisite: BIO 06100

#+ BIO 70 -- THE SCIENCE of NUTRITION (3 crs. 3 hrs.)
Increased food processing, chemical additions to food, and the great variety of available foods makes it important to understand the basic ideas of modern nutrition. Such concepts as biochemical individuality as related to nutrition for optimum health are integrated with surveys of carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism. Also studied are the role of vitamins and minerals in metabolic processes, food selection, special diets during illness, safety of the food supply. Students analyze their own diet. This course does NOT satisfy the Biology major elective requirement

BIO 81 -- INDEPENDENT STUDY (1-3 crs. 1-3 hrs.)
Independent study of Biology is developed individually between student and faculty member and must be approved by the Department.

BIO 82 (1-3 crs. 1-3 hrs.)
This course is of a topical and pilot nature and is designed to meet the immediate needs and interests of various student populations. It is offered for a maximum of two semesters.

# Open to all students in partial fulfillment of their science requirement
+ Basic Course
~ Remedial Course